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Formel (Stockhausen)
''Formel'' (Formula) is a composition for chamber orchestra by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written while he was still a student in 1951. It is given the number ⅙ in his catalog of works, indicating that it is amongst the pieces preceding the composition he recognised as his first mature work, Nr. 1 ''Kontra-Punkte''.
==History==
''Formel'', originally titled ''Studie für Orchester'' (Study for Orchestra), was written in November and December 1951 immediately after ''Kreuzspiel'' and was intended to have been the first movement of a three-movement composition. When he completed the other two movements the following year, however, he decided their more punctual style did not fit well with the more thematic character of the intended opening, and the two 1952 movements became the separate composition ''Spiel'' (; ). Only twenty years later did Stockhausen retrospectively discover in the early piece similarities to the formula technique he had devised for his then-latest composition, ''Mantra'' (1970). When asked by Maurice Fleuret for a new work for the 1971 Journées de Musique Contemporaine, Stockhausen offered this score, which he now gave the name ''Formel''. The premiere was conducted by the composer at the Théâtre de Ville in Paris on 22 October 1971, on a concert that also featured several other compositions from his days as a student: the ''Drei Lieder'' for contralto and chamber orchestra, the ''Chöre für Doris'', the ''Choral'' ("Wer uns trug mit Schmerzen"), all composed in 1950, and the Sonatine for violin and piano from 1951 (; ).
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